Since gaining independence in 1966, Botswana has utilized its diamond wealth to invest in education, health care, and transportation networks, raising it to the rank of a "middle income country." But the gains of the past 40 years have not been made without compromising the rights of some of the country's indigenous people, and now Botswana's very high rate of HIV infection threatens to undermine its progress. A comprehensive response to the pandemic has been launched.
